Which category includes practices such as massage and chiropractic adjustments?

• A. Mind-body practices
• B. Biologically based therapies
• C. Manipulative and body-based practices
• D. Energy therapies

Answer: (C)

The key idea is how different CAM modalities are categorized by how they interact with the body. Manipulative and body-based practices are defined by the use of hands-on techniques that move or manipulate the body’s tissues or joints to influence function and relieve symptoms. Massage fits perfectly because it involves skilled manual work on soft tissues to reduce tension, improve circulation, and promote relaxation. Chiropractic adjustments are a prime example too, as they use specific manipulations of joints, especially the spine, to restore alignment and enhance mobility.

Other categories focus on different approaches: mind-body practices center on the connection between mental and physical states (like meditation or yoga); biologically based therapies rely on substances such as herbs or dietary supplements; energy therapies work with purported energy fields rather than directly manipulating tissues. So, the category that best fits both massage and chiropractic adjustments is the manipulative and body-based group.