Which ulcers are considered systemic related?

• A. Venous ulcers only
• B. Arterial ulcers only
• C. Diabetic ulcers only
• D. Arterial, venous, and diabetic ulcers

Answer: (D)

Ulcers that are tied to systemic problems involve processes in the body’s circulation or metabolism that affect tissue perfusion and healing. Diabetic ulcers arise from the whole-body effects of diabetes, including neuropathy and microvascular disease, which impair sensation and healing. Arterial ulcers reflect systemic vascular disease, specifically reduced arterial blood flow from atherosclerosis, leading to tissue ischemia and breakdown. Venous ulcers come from systemic venous insufficiency and venous hypertension that impair return of blood and nutrients to the skin, causing edema and skin breakdown over time. Because each type stems from systemic circulatory or metabolic dysfunction, all three are considered systemic-related ulcers. Therefore, the best answer includes arterial, venous, and diabetic ulcers.